ETG, in collaboration with DMI and CGA, designed a competitiveness component of a $500 million regional development program by the World Bank and Government of Egypt in two governorates in Upper Egypt. ETG was responsible for developing the cluster and enterprise competitiveness and industrial zones components of the project, and used a “buyer-led” approach, building upon experience in other projects. Cluster Competitiveness Initiatives (CCIs)–a combination of sector-specific and firm-specific initiatives—were designed for the two governorates to support investments and coordination measures to catalyze private investment in existing and emerging industries. The CCIs were designed to address the binding constraints to consummating sales and expanding jobs by clusters and their individual firms with support of a cluster consulting firm that will work jointly with the private sector to design and implement cluster-wide measures and individual firm actions to increase sales and jobs. To complement the cluster competitiveness initiatives, specific firm-level assistance programs were designed to facilitate the provision of buyer-led business development services to firms with high potential to generate sales and jobs. The program was designed to be implemented over four years, with a focus on development of ten clustering initiatives with the aim of generating 2,000 new jobs. Funding from the World Bank, 2017.